Social Science STD 6 Chapter 17: Livelihood - Exercises
1. Fill in the blanks:
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1. Most of the people in the village are engaged in ........Answer: farming
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2. Industrial employment is more available in ........Answer: cities
2. Answer the following questions selecting the correct option from those given below:
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1. Which is the most common occupation in the rural areas?Answer: (B) Farming
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2. From where do people come to the city to get employment?Answer: (D) All of these
3. Answer in one-two lines each:
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1. Where do we find people engaged in farming or farm labour?We find people engaged in farming or farm labour mainly in villages, where most people are associated with agriculture.
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2. What jobs do people find on the road side?On the roadside in cities, people find jobs such as selling vegetables, flowers, or cold drinks, repairing cycles, shining shoes, or working as hawkers.
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3. What kind of person can get employment easily?A person with a specific skill or occupation can get employment easily, as they may be able to be involved in more than one type of work.
4. Write shortnote:
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1. Village (rural) livelihoodThe livelihood in villages is largely dependent on the local environment and its resources. Most people are engaged in farming or farm labour, while others are involved in cattle rearing. Some villagers also work as artisans like tailors, carpenters, or barbers. People may have to migrate for work if farm work is not available. In villages near the sea, the livelihood is often based on fishing.
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2. Urban livelihoodUrban livelihood is characterized by a wide variety of occupations and is less dependent on agriculture. People are employed in offices, factories, shops, and various other businesses. Many people with specific skills find work in both small and large-scale jobs. Employment is often achieved on the basis of skill. Cities also offer opportunities for collective employment in factories and retail work.
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3. Retail employment in a cityRetail employment in a city involves various types of work, often on the roadside. This includes running small shops for vegetables, flowers, or groceries, as well as providing services like cycle repairing or shoe polishing. Many hawkers sell products like toys and drinking water on the streets to earn a living. Approximately 12% of the total employed people in a city get their employment from roadside work.
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4. Cattle rearing and farm labourCattle rearing and farm labour are two distinct but interconnected sources of livelihood. Farm labourers, like Madhuba, work on the farms of large landowners for daily wages and may struggle to find work all year round. People with small landholdings or who do not own land often supplement their income through cattle rearing. For example, a farmer named Salman used the income from selling milk to support his family for the months when farming did not provide sufficient income.
5. Match the following pair:
| A | B | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Farm-labour | (c) May not get work for twelve months | 1 - c |
| 2. Work based on skill | (b) Can earn in more than one way | 2 - b |
| 3. Industrial employment | (a) Get permanent work | 3 - a |