Social Science STD 8 Chapter 6: Freedom Movements (1885 AD to 1947 AD) : Exercises

Social Science STD 8 Chapter 6: Freedom Movements (1885 AD to 1947 AD) : Exercises

1. Fill in the blanks:

  1. 1. After Bardoli satyagraha Vallabhbhai Patel came to be known as .........

    Sardar

  2. 2. Gandhiji gave the title of 'Onion thief' to .........

    Mohanlal Pandya

  3. 3. ......... gave the slogan "Chalo Delhi".

    Subhash Chandra Bose

2. Write the answers of the following questions in one or two sentences:

  1. 1. Which leaders were included among the moderate leaders?

    Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Feroz Shah Mehta, Badruddin Tayyabji, and Gopalkrishna Gokhale were included among the moderate leaders.

  2. 2. Why did Gandhiji call the Rowlatt Act as 'Black Act'?

    Gandhiji called the Rowlatt Act a 'Black Act' because it allowed the government to arrest and punish any person without giving a reason and through trial in a special court, which restricted people's freedom.

  3. 3. Why did the people of India boycott the Simon Commission?

    The people of India boycotted the Simon Commission because it did not have a single Indian member.

  4. 4. Why was the non-cooperation movement postponed by Gandhiji?

    The non-cooperation movement was postponed by Gandhiji after a peaceful procession of farmers in Chauri-Chaura was fired upon by the police, leading to the mob attacking and burning the police station, killing 22 policemen.

3. Answer the following questions to the point:

  1. 1. Which factors were responsible for the emergence and development of nationalism in India?

    The emergence and development of nationalism in India were influenced by several factors. The British unintentionally sowed the seeds of national unity through a uniform legal and administrative system. The policy of economic exploitation created widespread dissatisfaction among peasants and artisans, uniting them against the British. English education created a class of intellectuals who were inspired by Western ideals of self-governance. The literature in various Indian languages also fostered a sense of national pride and awakening. Furthermore, the introduction of railways, postal service, and telegraph facilitated contact between people from different regions, strengthening national unity.

  2. 2. Briefly explain the revolutionary activities in India.

    A class of young people in India was determined to achieve Swaraj at any cost. Revolutionary activities began with Vasudev Balwant Phadke, who organized backward castes and gave them combat training. The Chafekar brothers killed the Chief Plague Commissioner, Rend, in Maharashtra. Vinayak Savarkar founded the 'Mitramela,' later known as 'Abhinav Bharat.' In Bengal, the Anushilan Samiti was established, and revolutionaries like Khudiram Bose and Praful Chandra Chaki carried out activities. Ramprasad Bismil and Ashfaq Ullah Khan took part in the Kakori train robbery. Chandrashekhar Azad was a key revolutionary who vowed not to be captured alive by the British.

  3. 3. Write a short note on Dandi March.

    In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi announced the Dandi March to protest the unjust salt law, which gave the British a monopoly over salt production and sale. Gandhiji considered the tax on salt a sin, as it was a basic necessity. He started the march from Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad, on March 12, 1930, with his companions. After covering a distance of 370 km, he reached the village of Dandi on April 5. On April 6, he symbolically violated the salt law by picking up salt from the seashore, which marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. This movement, which included programs like the boycott of foreign goods and non-payment of taxes, saw large-scale participation from farmers, tribals, and women.

  4. 4. Give information about the 'Quit India Movement'.

    The 'Quit India' Movement was a historic resolution passed by the All-India Congress Committee in Mumbai on August 8, 1942, demanding the British to leave India. The movement was launched in the backdrop of the failure of the Cripps Mission to satisfy Indian demands for independence. Following the resolution, all the leading Congress leaders, including Gandhiji, were arrested on August 9. This led to the movement becoming widespread and fierce. A large number of farmers and students joined, and government buildings, railways, and telephone lines were damaged. People in many areas formed their own national governments. The British government used oppressive measures to crush the movement, but the struggle convinced them that they could no longer subjugate the Indian people.