Social Science STD 7 Chapter 3: Mughal Empire - Exercises
1. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:
-
1. When and between whom was the 1st battle of Panipat fought?
The first battle of Panipat was fought on April 20, 1526, between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi. -
2. Describe the architecture during the rule of Sher Shah.
During his rule, Sher Shah Suri built a tomb at Sasaram and a mosque in Delhi. -
3. Name the great musician-singer at the time of Akbar.
The great classical singer Tansen was one of Akbar's 'Navratannas' (Nine Jewels). -
4. Name the painter of Jahangir.
The painter Mansoor was world-famous during Jahangir's reign. -
5. Where and when was Chhatrapati Shivaji born?
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaja was born in 1627 or 1630 A.D. in Shivneri, Maharashtra.
2. Answer the following questions as per requirement:
-
1. Give the outline of Mughal administration.
The Mughal administration was systematically established by Akbar. The emperor was at the center of the rule and was the supreme commander and judge. He was also the head of the council of ministers. A vazir, called the Diwan-e-Wazir-e-Kul, was appointed to coordinate the emperor and administration and was the head of finance and revenue. The head of the army was known as Mirbaksh, who supervised the intelligence system and recruited the army. Spies of the empire were called Waquianavis. The department that looked after the emperor's personal needs and government factories was called Mir-e-Saman. The head of the judiciary was the Kazi. -
2. Write a note on Mughal architecture.
The Mughal period saw the construction of many forts, palaces, gates, mosques, and gardens, a fusion of Hindu and Muslim styles known as Ganga-Jamuna culture. Babur set up gardens in Agra and Lahore. Sher Shah built a tomb at Sasaram and a mosque in Delhi. Akbar built the Agra Fort and unique structures at Fatehpur Sikri, including the Buland Darwaza and the tomb of Salim Chishti. Shah Jahan's reign is considered the golden age of Mughal architecture, with his most famous works being the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort of Delhi. The tomb of Rabir-ud-Dauran in Aurangabad, built by Aurangzeb, bears a resemblance to the Taj Mahal. -
3. Write a note on victories of Chhatrapati Shivaji.
Chhatrapati Shivaji created an independent Maratha state by fighting against the Sultan of Bijapur, the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, and the Portuguese. He conquered more than 40 forts to expand his kingdom from a small estate. He adopted guerrilla warfare tactics in the South. After his defeat in 1665 A.D., he signed a treaty with the Mughal emperor. He was later imprisoned by Aurangzeb but cleverly escaped and continued to fight and win battles. He was coronated in 1674 A.D. and rose to prominence as a Hindu emperor. -
4. Discuss the religious policy of Akbar.
Akbar adopted a liberal religious policy towards Hindus and established social relations with the Rajputs. He was a secular king and appointed Rajputs to high positions in the army. He founded a sect called 'Din-e-Ilahi' which brought together the best elements of all religions. He had great texts like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Atharva Ved, Panchatantra, Bible, and Quran translated into Persian. He also opposed social evils like child marriage and Sati, abolished pilgrim taxes, and banned forced religious conversions. -
5. Discuss the reforms done by Sher Shah.
Sher Shah Suri was a reformer and a just ruler. He established peace in his kingdom by controlling bandits and robbers. He introduced a new postal system, built inns for traders and pilgrims, and introduced the rupee currency. He also maintained a huge army. His most significant reform was the construction of the 'Grand Trunk Road,' a long highway connecting Bengal and North India.
3. Find the correct option from the following options given below and write the correct answer:
-
1. IInd battle of Panipat was fought between......... and ...........
(B) Akbar-Hemu -
2. Who constructed the Bulund Darwaza?
(A) Akbar -
3. Red Fort of Delhi was constructed by .........
(C) Shah Jahan -
4. Akbar was born at .........
(A) Amarkot