Social Science STD 8 Chapter 19: The Role of the Government in Socio-Economic Sector : Exercises

1. Give short answers to following questions:

1. 1. Under what circumstances political independence becomes meaningless?

   Political independence becomes meaningless if the society is not developed economically and intellectually.

2. 2. What are the basic human necessities?

   The basic human necessities are food, clothes, and shelter, along with education, health, clean water, clean air, nutritious food, and entertainment.

3. 3. What are the benefits resulted from the 'White Revolution'?

   The 'White Revolution' resulted from cooperative activities in animal husbandry and milk production, which brought immense success and improved the socio-economic status of farmers.

4. 4. What are the sources of income of the government? Write about any two sources.

   The main source of income for the government is taxes. Two sources are the taxes collected on meals in bigger restaurants and other items, which are used to implement welfare schemes and provide amenities to the people.

5. 5. In which month is Road Safety Week celebrated?

   Road Safety Week/Month is usually celebrated in the month of January every year.

6. 6. What is the procedure to be followed to get a driving licence?

   To get a driving license, a person has to undergo training and pass specific tests.

2. Write short notes:

1. 1. The government's role in the fields of Education and Health

   The government has made significant efforts in the fields of education and health since independence. In education, the goal of having a school in every village has largely been realized. In health, efforts have been made to make facilities available to all, although challenges remain due to misbeliefs and lack of awareness. Schemes are implemented to provide health services, and organizations like local self-government bodies also play a role in maintaining public health.

2. 2. Changes that have taken place in agriculture

   After independence, the government implemented various developmental schemes in agriculture. Efforts were made to overcome the low production caused by traditional farming methods. The "Green Revolution" made India self-sufficient in food production. Cooperative activities were also initiated in agriculture and animal husbandry, leading to the "White Revolution" and improving the socio-economic status of farmers. The government has also made efforts to make large markets available for farm products.

3. 3. The main causes of road accidents.

   The main causes of road accidents are a combination of factors, including speeding, which increases the risk and severity of injuries. Other causes include traffic rule violations, fatigue, alcohol consumption, and negligence of pedestrians. Mechanical failures like brake or steering failure, tire rupture, or inadequate headlights also contribute. Poor road conditions, such as damaged roads, pits, and diversions, as well as adverse weather conditions like fog, heavy rains, or storms, can also cause accidents.

3. Explain:

1. 1. Development in agriculture and animal husbandry and its impact on standard of living of farmers.

   Development in agriculture and animal husbandry, particularly through initiatives like the "Green Revolution" and "White Revolution," has had a positive impact on the standard of living of farmers. The government's developmental schemes and cooperative activities have helped farmers increase production and get better prices for their products. This economic progress has led to an elevation in their standard of living and has helped in their socio-economic development.

2. 2. Need to impose additional taxes on certain items.

   The government needs to impose additional taxes on certain items to generate income for public welfare schemes. Taxes are the main source of government revenue. This revenue is used to fund various services and amenities for citizens, such as transportation, education, health services, and subsidized food grains. Without these taxes, the government would not be able to carry out its welfare activities.

3. 3. Benefits of starting an industry in Special Industrial Zone.

   Starting an industry in a Special Industrial Zone (SIZ) offers several benefits. The government provides necessary facilities at reasonable rates and gives exemptions from various taxes for a certain period. This encourages industrial development in specific areas. The establishment of industries in these zones creates employment opportunities for local people, which leads to their economic progress and an overall improvement in their standard of living.

4. 4. Things to keep in mind to prevent accidents.

   To prevent accidents, several things should be kept in mind. Drivers should not use cell phones while driving and must always wear a seatbelt and a helmet. It is crucial to obey all traffic rules and signs and to drive within the speed limit. Vehicles should be regularly maintained to prevent mechanical failures. Pedestrians should use zebra crossings and pavements. Drivers should never drive under the influence of alcohol.